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259<title>git-checkout(1)</title>
260</head>
261<body>
262<div id="header">
263<h1>
264git-checkout(1) Manual Page
265</h1>
266<h2>NAME</h2>
267<div class="sectionbody">
268<p>git-checkout -
Junio C Hamano01078922006-03-10 00:31:47[diff] [blame]269 Checkout and switch to a branch
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]270</p>
271</div>
272</div>
273<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
274<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]275<div class="verseblock">
Junio C Hamano103ad7f2007-03-14 11:19:26[diff] [blame]276<div class="content"><em>git-checkout</em> [-q] [-f] [-b [--track | --no-track] &lt;new_branch&gt; [-l]] [-m] [&lt;branch&gt;]
Junio C Hamano8f62db92007-02-01 00:22:22[diff] [blame]277<em>git-checkout</em> [&lt;tree-ish&gt;] &lt;paths&gt;&#8230;</div></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]278</div>
279<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
280<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]281<p>When &lt;paths&gt; are not given, this command switches branches by
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]282updating the index and working tree to reflect the specified
283branch, &lt;branch&gt;, and updating HEAD to be &lt;branch&gt; or, if
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]284specified, &lt;new_branch&gt;. Using -b will cause &lt;new_branch&gt; to
Junio C Hamano103ad7f2007-03-14 11:19:26[diff] [blame]285be created; in this case you can use the --track or --no-track
286options, which will be passed to <tt>git branch</tt>.</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]287<p>When &lt;paths&gt; are given, this command does <strong>not</strong> switch
288branches. It updates the named paths in the working tree from
Junio C Hamano8f62db92007-02-01 00:22:22[diff] [blame]289the index file (i.e. it runs <tt>git-checkout-index -f -u</tt>), or a
290named commit. In
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]291this case, <tt>-f</tt> and <tt>-b</tt> options are meaningless and giving
Junio C Hamano8f62db92007-02-01 00:22:22[diff] [blame]292either of them results in an error. &lt;tree-ish&gt; argument can be
293used to specify a specific tree-ish (i.e. commit, tag or tree)
294to update the index for the given paths before updating the
295working tree.</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]296</div>
297<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
298<div class="sectionbody">
299<dl>
300<dt>
Junio C Hamano39381a72007-02-02 07:35:15[diff] [blame]301-q
302</dt>
303<dd>
304<p>
305 Quiet, supress feedback messages.
306</p>
307</dd>
308<dt>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]309-f
310</dt>
311<dd>
312<p>
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]313 Force a re-read of everything.
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]314</p>
315</dd>
316<dt>
317-b
318</dt>
319<dd>
320<p>
Junio C Hamanob2f5edd2006-05-21 10:50:09[diff] [blame]321 Create a new branch named &lt;new_branch&gt; and start it at
322 &lt;branch&gt;. The new branch name must pass all checks defined
323 by <a href="git-check-ref-format.html">git-check-ref-format(1)</a>. Some of these checks
324 may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]325</p>
326</dd>
327<dt>
Junio C Hamano103ad7f2007-03-14 11:19:26[diff] [blame]328--track
329</dt>
330<dd>
331<p>
332 When -b is given and a branch is created off a remote branch,
333 setup so that git-pull will automatically retrieve data from
334 the remote branch.
335</p>
336</dd>
337<dt>
338--no-track
339</dt>
340<dd>
341<p>
342 When -b is given and a branch is created off a remote branch,
343 force that git-pull will automatically retrieve data from
344 the remote branch independent of the configuration settings.
345</p>
346</dd>
347<dt>
Junio C Hamano341071d2006-06-04 07:24:48[diff] [blame]348-l
349</dt>
350<dd>
351<p>
352 Create the new branch's ref log. This activates recording of
353 all changes to made the branch ref, enabling use of date
354</p>
355</dd>
356<dt>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]357-m
358</dt>
359<dd>
360<p>
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]361 If you have local modifications to one or more files that
362 are different between the current branch and the branch to
363 which you are switching, the command refuses to switch
364 branches in order to preserve your modifications in context.
365 However, with this option, a three-way merge between the current
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]366 branch, your working tree contents, and the new branch
367 is done, and you will be on the new branch.
368</p>
369<p>When a merge conflict happens, the index entries for conflicting
370paths are left unmerged, and you need to resolve the conflicts
Junio C Hamano89d4e0f2007-02-18 00:34:59[diff] [blame]371and mark the resolved paths with <tt>git add</tt> (or <tt>git rm</tt> if the merge
372should result in deletion of the path).</p>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]373</dd>
374<dt>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]375&lt;new_branch&gt;
376</dt>
377<dd>
378<p>
379 Name for the new branch.
380</p>
381</dd>
382<dt>
383&lt;branch&gt;
384</dt>
385<dd>
386<p>
387 Branch to checkout; may be any object ID that resolves to a
Junio C Hamano4f9a6052007-01-17 20:25:16[diff] [blame]388 commit. Defaults to HEAD.
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]389</p>
Junio C Hamano4f9a6052007-01-17 20:25:16[diff] [blame]390<p>When this parameter names a non-branch (but still a valid commit object),
391your HEAD becomes <em>detached</em>.</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]392</dd>
393</dl>
394</div>
Junio C Hamano4f9a6052007-01-17 20:25:16[diff] [blame]395<h2>Detached HEAD</h2>
396<div class="sectionbody">
397<p>It is sometimes useful to be able to <em>checkout</em> a commit that is
398not at the tip of one of your branches. The most obvious
399example is to check out the commit at a tagged official release
400point, like this:</p>
401<div class="listingblock">
402<div class="content">
403<pre><tt>$ git checkout v2.6.18</tt></pre>
404</div></div>
405<p>Earlier versions of git did not allow this and asked you to
406create a temporary branch using <tt>-b</tt> option, but starting from
407version 1.5.0, the above command <em>detaches</em> your HEAD from the
408current branch and directly point at the commit named by the tag
409(<tt>v2.6.18</tt> in the above example).</p>
410<p>You can use usual git commands while in this state. You can use
411<tt>git-reset --hard $othercommit</tt> to further move around, for
412example. You can make changes and create a new commit on top of
413a detached HEAD. You can even create a merge by using <tt>git
414merge $othercommit</tt>.</p>
415<p>The state you are in while your HEAD is detached is not recorded
416by any branch (which is natural --- you are not on any branch).
417What this means is that you can discard your temporary commits
418and merges by switching back to an existing branch (e.g. <tt>git
419checkout master</tt>), and a later <tt>git prune</tt> or <tt>git gc</tt> would
Junio C Hamano9d52e572007-02-13 23:48:20[diff] [blame]420garbage-collect them. If you did this by mistake, you can ask
421the reflog for HEAD where you were, e.g.</p>
422<div class="listingblock">
423<div class="content">
424<pre><tt>$ git log -g -2 HEAD</tt></pre>
425</div></div>
Junio C Hamano4f9a6052007-01-17 20:25:16[diff] [blame]426</div>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]427<h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]428<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]429<ol>
430<li>
431<p>
432The following sequence checks out the <tt>master</tt> branch, reverts
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]433the <tt>Makefile</tt> to two revisions back, deletes hello.c by
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]434mistake, and gets it back from the index.
435</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]436<div class="listingblock">
437<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc8d88c22006-04-29 07:02:01[diff] [blame]438<pre><tt>$ git checkout master <b>(1)</b>
439$ git checkout master~2 Makefile <b>(2)</b>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]440$ rm -f hello.c
Junio C Hamanoc8d88c22006-04-29 07:02:01[diff] [blame]441$ git checkout hello.c <b>(3)</b></tt></pre>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]442</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoc8d88c22006-04-29 07:02:01[diff] [blame]443<ol>
444<li>
445<p>
446switch branch
447</p>
448</li>
449<li>
450<p>
451take out a file out of other commit
452</p>
453</li>
454<li>
455<p>
456restore hello.c from HEAD of current branch
457</p>
458<p>If you have an unfortunate branch that is named <tt>hello.c</tt>, this
459step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch.
460You should instead write:</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]461<div class="listingblock">
462<div class="content">
463<pre><tt>$ git checkout -- hello.c</tt></pre>
464</div></div>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]465</li>
Junio C Hamanoc8d88c22006-04-29 07:02:01[diff] [blame]466</ol>
467</li>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]468<li>
469<p>
470After working in a wrong branch, switching to the correct
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]471branch would be done using:
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]472</p>
473<div class="listingblock">
474<div class="content">
475<pre><tt>$ git checkout mytopic</tt></pre>
476</div></div>
477<p>However, your "wrong" branch and correct "mytopic" branch may
478differ in files that you have locally modified, in which case,
479the above checkout would fail like this:</p>
480<div class="listingblock">
481<div class="content">
482<pre><tt>$ git checkout mytopic
483fatal: Entry 'frotz' not uptodate. Cannot merge.</tt></pre>
484</div></div>
485<p>You can give the <tt>-m</tt> flag to the command, which would try a
486three-way merge:</p>
487<div class="listingblock">
488<div class="content">
489<pre><tt>$ git checkout -m mytopic
490Auto-merging frotz</tt></pre>
491</div></div>
492<p>After this three-way merge, the local modifications are _not_
493registered in your index file, so <tt>git diff</tt> would show you what
494changes you made since the tip of the new branch.</p>
495</li>
496<li>
497<p>
498When a merge conflict happens during switching branches with
499the <tt>-m</tt> option, you would see something like this:
500</p>
501<div class="listingblock">
502<div class="content">
503<pre><tt>$ git checkout -m mytopic
504Auto-merging frotz
505merge: warning: conflicts during merge
506ERROR: Merge conflict in frotz
507fatal: merge program failed</tt></pre>
508</div></div>
509<p>At this point, <tt>git diff</tt> shows the changes cleanly merged as in
510the previous example, as well as the changes in the conflicted
511files. Edit and resolve the conflict and mark it resolved with
Junio C Hamano89d4e0f2007-02-18 00:34:59[diff] [blame]512<tt>git add</tt> as usual:</p>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]513<div class="listingblock">
514<div class="content">
515<pre><tt>$ edit frotz
Junio C Hamano89d4e0f2007-02-18 00:34:59[diff] [blame]516$ git add frotz</tt></pre>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]517</div></div>
518</li>
519</ol>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]520</div>
521<h2>Author</h2>
522<div class="sectionbody">
523<p>Written by Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;</p>
524</div>
525<h2>Documentation</h2>
526<div class="sectionbody">
527<p>Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list &lt;git@vger.kernel.org&gt;.</p>
528</div>
529<h2>GIT</h2>
530<div class="sectionbody">
531<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p>
532</div>
533<div id="footer">
534<div id="footer-text">
Junio C Hamano20f64da2007-04-04 18:38:30[diff] [blame]535Last updated 04-Apr-2007 18:33:30 UTC
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]536</div>
537</div>
538</body>
539</html>